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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to filter, separate 2 to be filtered, separated 3 sieve for filtering liquidsface="Times New Roman Star"1 процеживать, отделять 2 процеживаться, отстаиваться 3 сито для процеживания жидкостей
face="Times New Roman Star"sarma- 2, sarym 3 (MK; EDT 852-853: serme-, serim)

face="Times New Roman Star"sar- 1 (Diz.)



face="Times New Roman Star"sarGan 'milk product made of boiled milk together with the contents of the stomach of a newborn lamb'


















face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyn|akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"side, directionface="Times New Roman Star"сторона, направлениеface="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jyn|aq (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 201, EDT 949. As suggested by Clauson, merged with jan|ak in later Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Togface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of fishface="Times New Roman Star"вид рыбы


face="Times New Roman Star"tog|y 'sturgeon' (КСТТ)






face="Times New Roman Star"tog| 'perch'face="Times New Roman Star"tu:ly 'кускуч'
















face="Times New Roman Star"*dAk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to bind to, add toface="Times New Roman Star"привязывать, прикреплятьface="Times New Roman Star"taq- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (MK - Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"tak-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (Sangl., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"taq-, dial. Xwar. daq-

face="Times New Roman Star"tax-face="Times New Roman Star"daq-

face="Times New Roman Star"taq- (dial. - Баск. Туба)





face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-
face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"daq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"taq-
face="Times New Roman Star"taq-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 456, EDT 464, ЭСТЯ 3, 129-130.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:jynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sheat-fish 2 salmonface="Times New Roman Star"1 сом 2 лосось, семга

face="Times New Roman Star"jajyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|e|jen 1face="Times New Roman Star"jajyn 2 (AH)



face="Times New Roman Star"ja:jyn 1



face="Times New Roman Star"s/ojъn, s/oin (dial.) 1



face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ajyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?ajyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"jajyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja"jen 1


face="Times New Roman Star"z?ajyn 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 179, ЭСТЯ 4, 80-81, Лексика 178, Федотов 2, 129.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sik-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to copulate 2 penisface="Times New Roman Star"1 спариваться, coire (cum femina) 2 penis
face="Times New Roman Star"sik- 1, sik 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sik- 1, sik 2 (R.)

























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 818, TMN 3, 312-313.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dal-g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"waveface="Times New Roman Star"волна

face="Times New Roman Star"dalga 2
face="Times New Roman Star"talg|a 'Wellenschlag', talg|um, talqum 'sea waves'


face="Times New Roman Star"dalg|a 2



















face="Times New Roman Star"KW 94, VEWT 458, 487. An Oghuz word.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u:c?aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 rump 2 back 3 loins, buttocksface="Times New Roman Star"1 крестец 2 спина 3 задница, ягодицыface="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a 'hip'face="Times New Roman Star"u>c?a 1face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a (AH), uc?a (AH, Pav. C.) 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|a, uc?a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u:z?|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 2
face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|z?|@w| 1face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|un|ax 3
face="Times New Roman Star"uz?a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uc?a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"us?a 1face="Times New Roman Star"u>sa 1





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 20, ЭСТЯ 1, 566-567. The Yak. form has an irregular -z?|-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tolku-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat (of waves) 2 wave(s)face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить (о волнах) 2 волна, волны



face="Times New Roman Star"tolqun- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"tolqyn 2









face="Times New Roman Star"tolqu- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"tolqan 2




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 487. The root is attested late (unless a somewhat uncertain OT (MK) tolg|ag| 'snowstorm' (see EDT 496) belongs here), but is difficult to explain as a loan from Mong. dolgijan 'wave' - with which it probably has nothing in common.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jal-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to burn, blaze 2 flameface="Times New Roman Star"1 гореть, пылать 2 пламяface="Times New Roman Star"jal- 1 (OUygh.), jalyn 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jal- 1 (MK), jalyn 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2 (Бор. Бад.)face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn| 2 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?alyn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn, d/alyn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/olъm 2

face="Times New Roman Star"c?alyn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alyn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, EDT 918, 929, ЭСТЯ 4, 106-107, Лексика 23, 356-357, 363, Федотов 2, 133-134, TMN 4, 187. Cf. also Kypch. jalgavuc? 'frying pan' (ЭСТЯ 4, 13). Turk. *jaltyr- 'to flash, blazed' (ЭСТЯ 4, 94) > Mong. iltira- id.; *jaltyrym (ЭСТЯ 4, 281) 'lightning' > Mong. jildurum id. (Щербак 1997, 121).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ulface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 foundation 2 soleface="Times New Roman Star"1 дно, основание 2 подошва, подметкаface="Times New Roman Star"ultan| 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ul 1, uldan| 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"oltan, oltan| (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>ltan 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"lten| 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ulto|n 2face="Times New Roman Star"ultan| 2, (dial.) u:l, ul 1

face="Times New Roman Star"oltan| 2face="Times New Roman Star"ultun| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ultan|, ultan, yltam 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ullun| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"uldun| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ultan| 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>ltan 2face="Times New Roman Star"ultan 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>ltan 2face="Times New Roman Star"oltan|, oltan 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ultan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ultan 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 124, 131, ЭСТЯ 1, 449-451.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"pface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 dregs, impurity, rubbish 2 stick, small branch, straw 3 penis 4 grass, hayface="Times New Roman Star"1 мусор 2 палочка, веточка, соломинка 3 penis 4 трава, сеноface="Times New Roman Star"c?o"b, c?o"bik 1 (OUygh. Budd.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"b 'dregs of wine; any piece of noodles'; c?u"bek 3 (MK; with Kypch. phonology s?o"bik 'огрызок от фрукта')face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"p 1, c?u"bek 'oakum, combings'face="Times New Roman Star"c?u/u"b 2 (Pav. C.), 1 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.p 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 'grass; noodles'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, s?o"bek 'hemp straw'face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1; 4; afterbirth'
face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"p@ 1; 'newborn child'



face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 4; 'afterbirth'; c?o"bo"go" 'dregs after boiling butter'face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, 4face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"su"p 1, 'weed'face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"b 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p, c?ep 'gag in a barrel', c?epka" 'grapevine, wine dregs', c?epel 'dirty'face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1, 4face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"p 1, 4face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 'weed, grass'face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"p 1, 'weed; lot'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118, EDT 394, 396, Егоров 323, Федотов 2, 148. Turk. > Russ. Siber. c?up 'dregs', see Аникин 677.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?yka-n/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"small fingerface="Times New Roman Star"мизинец


face="Times New Roman Star"cyg|anaq parmaq (Sib.)









face="Times New Roman Star"c?aGan 'cock's spurs, knots on horse's front legs'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ykyja (with irregular phonology)





face="Times New Roman Star"syg|anaq, syg|ansaq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?yqanaj




face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 323, Лексика 257.
face="Times New Roman Star"*apakaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 Alnus fruticosa; Labrador tea 2 a k. of fernface="Times New Roman Star"1 вид ольхи; багульник 2 вид папоротника
face="Times New Roman Star"apa bas?y 'Cannabis sativa, it is a plant which grows like Cucumis sativus and has a thorny stern, it is eaten in the mountains' (MK Qypch.)
face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 2









face="Times New Roman Star"uba-zarri 2face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 1





face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 2





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 1, Попов 1986, 92. OT and Chuv. reflect a folk etymology (confusion with apa 'bear').
face="Times New Roman Star"*tul- (*tol-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 skin container 2 scraped skinface="Times New Roman Star"1 кожаный мешок 2 голая, ободранная шкураface="Times New Roman Star"tolquq (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"tolquq (MK) 1





face="Times New Roman Star"tuluG 1


face="Times New Roman Star"tulaq 2















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 496, VEWT 497-498, Лексика 387.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kom-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 horse dung 2 sheep dung balls 3 round, spheroidface="Times New Roman Star"1 конский помет 2 катышки овечьего помета 3 круглый, шарообразный
face="Times New Roman Star"qomuq 1 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qumal 3, qumalag| 2














face="Times New Roman Star"qumalaq 2







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, VEWT 299. Cf. also Chag. qombul 'round knob' (VEWT 279; the isolated Kalm. qumbaji-, qumbiji- 'sich zusammenballen', see KW 196) may have a Turkic origin).
face="Times New Roman Star"*u(j)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be able, capableface="Times New Roman Star"мочьface="Times New Roman Star"u- (OUygh., Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"u- (MK)











face="Times New Roman Star"-i-/-j-face="Times New Roman Star"uj-












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 510, EDT 5.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jubug ( ? *jabug)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"boulders which a torrent carries down; boulders displaced and falling to the bottom of the valleyface="Times New Roman Star"камни, несомые потоком; оползень
face="Times New Roman Star"juvug| ( ? javug|) (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 873.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAl/anface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 urine 2 to urinate (of a horse)face="Times New Roman Star"1 моча 2 мочиться (о лошади)
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?an- 2face="Times New Roman Star"kas?an 1, kas?an- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yn- (Houts.)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?an- 2











face="Times New Roman Star"qasan- 2






face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 674, ЭСТЯ 5, 348.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gi:r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of box 2 to hide 3 mysteryface="Times New Roman Star"1 вид ящика 2 прятать 3 тайна
face="Times New Roman Star"kiz 1, kizle- 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"gizle- 2, giz 3




face="Times New Roman Star"gizla"- 2face="Times New Roman Star"gi:zle- 2




face="Times New Roman Star"kiste:- 2face="Times New Roman Star"kiste:- 2











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 756, 760, VEWT 273, ЭСТЯ 3, 43, Stachowski 149.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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